Words for Granted - An etymology and linguistics podcast

Ray Belli

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In their own words

Words for Granted is a podcast that looks at how words change over time. Host Ray Belli uses linguistic evolution as a way of understanding larger historical and cultural changes.

Why you'd press play

Black lipstick meets ancient Goths when 'gothic' sends you looking for a family tree.

Press play if you want

  • to hear Ray Belli follow 'gothic' beyond its black-lipstick associations
  • to understand why 'mama' sounds familiar across unrelated languages, exceptions included
Read the full recommendation in PlayNext →

Talks about

Best episodes of Words for Granted - An etymology and linguistics podcast

Short reviews from the PlayNext desk, based on the episodes we processed.

Episode 77: GothicOct 20, 2019

A compact etymological history of how gothic moved from a Germanic name to black lipstick.

Gothic has traveled a long way as a word, from an ancient Germanic tribe through a Renaissance insult, a literary style, and later associations with trench coats and black lipstick.

Interview with Steve Kaufmann, Polyglot & Co-founder of LingQSep 17, 2019

Steve Kaufman connects language learning to exposure, motivation, and the brain's habit of finding patterns.

Words for Granted turns Steve Kaufman's conversation with Ray Belli into a grounded look at how people learn languages when languages themselves work in very different ways.

Episode 72: Mama/MomJun 30, 2019

A familiar family word becomes a compact challenge to the usual story of language change.

Mama makes a neat test case for the episode: a familiar word that stays surprisingly recognizable across languages, even as sound, meaning, and grammar usually drift.

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Episodes

  1. 1

    Grammatical Gender: Interview with Danny Bate

    This episode features an interview with linguist Danny Bate discussing grammatical gender and his journey in the field of linguistics.

    ·59m
  2. 2

    Episode 99: Average

    This episode explores the etymology of the word 'average' as part of a new series on math terms, examining its mathematical definition as arithmetic mean and its everyday meaning as ordinary or common.

    ·20m
  3. 3

    Lessons on Language with the Grammar Girl (Mignon Fogerty)

    This interview episode features Mignon Fogarty (Grammar Girl) discussing her journey from writer and editor to podcasting pioneer, sharing insights on common grammar mistakes and her upcoming book.

    ·32m
  4. 4

    A Defense of "Bad" English: Interview with Valerie Fridland

    This interview with sociolinguist Valerie Fridland explores her book defending so-called 'bad' English and examines how language evolves through social usage and perception.

    ·50m
  5. 5

    Combatting Bias in Linguistic AI: Interview with Courtney Napoles

    This episode features an interview with Courtney Napoles, lead of language research at Grammarly, discussing her background in linguistics and her work on combating bias in linguistic AI.

    ·30m
  6. 6

    Episode 106: Grotesque

    This episode explores the historical and contemporary meanings of the word 'grotesque,' examining how it describes things that are disfigured or distorted in a way that can be fantastic, mysterious, or comical rather than purely horrifying.

    ·17m
  7. 7

    Episode 104: Genius

    This episode explores the historical evolution and cultural significance of the word 'genius' from its Roman origins to modern associations with figures like Einstein and Da Vinci.

    ·26m
  8. 8

    Episode 105: Idiot

    This episode explores the etymology of the word 'idiot,' tracing its origins from the ancient Greek 'idiotes' meaning 'private person' to its modern meaning of someone lacking common sense.

    ·18m
  9. 9

    Episode 109: Trivia

    This episode explores the etymology and historical evolution of the word 'trivia', examining how its meaning developed from Latin roots to modern usage.

    ·22m
  10. 10

    Episode 94: The Lost Letters of the English Alphabet (Overview)

    This episode introduces a new series on lost letters of the English alphabet while addressing listener feedback on pasta terminology from a previous episode.

    ·28m
  11. 11

    Episode 107: World

    This episode explores the etymology and evolving meanings of the word 'world' as a collective noun that encompasses everything from the earth to abstract concepts.

    ·18m
  12. 12

    Episode 83: Apple of the Eye

    This episode explores the historical origins and semantic evolution of the English idiom 'apple of the eye' as part of a series on how idioms change over time.

    ·20m
  13. 13

    Episode 81: Idioms (General Overview)

    This episode introduces a series on idiomatic expressions in English, highlighting their prevalence, everyday usage, and expressive efficiency in communication.

    ·23m
  14. 14

    Episode 86: Red Herring

    This episode explores the origin and usage of the idiom 'red herring' as a distraction technique in both literature and political discourse.

    ·20m
  15. 15

    Interview with Tim Brookes, founder of Endangered Alphabets

    This episode features an interview with Tim Brookes, founder of the Endangered Alphabets Project, discussing the importance of preserving endangered writing systems and his Kickstarter campaign for a board game that raises awareness about the Mongolian script.

    ·55m
  16. 16

    Episode 82: In a Pickle

    The host shares a personal story about befriending a Polish immigrant classmate in eighth grade, which inspired this episode on idioms and language evolution.

    ·19m
  17. 17

    Learning New Languages: Interview with Rob Paterson

    This episode features an interview with linguist Rob Paterson about his lifelong passion for language learning, starting from childhood experiences and leading to his professional role at Memrise.

    ·33m
  18. 18

    Origins of Place Names: Interview with Duncan Madden

    Host Ray Belli interviews travel writer Duncan Madden about the origins and historical evolution of place names, exploring how language and culture shape geographical naming.

    ·43m
  19. 19

    Latin 101 Course Announcement!

    ·4m
  20. 20

    Deciphering Ancient Scripts: Interview with Silvia Ferrara

    This interview with professor Silvia Ferrara explores her work on deciphering ancient scripts, her book 'The Greatest Invention', and the Inscribe project she initiated with European Commission funding.

    ·48m
  21. 21

    Episode 101: Parabola/Parable

    This episode explores the surprising etymological connection between the mathematical term 'parabola' and the religious word 'parable', tracing their shared Greek origins.

    ·15m
  22. 22

    Why Is English Highly Irregular? (Interview with Arika Okrent)

    This interview with linguist Arika Okrent explores why English has irregular spellings and pronunciations, delving into the historical and linguistic factors behind words like 'tough,' 'through,' and 'dough.'

    ·41m
  23. 23

    Episode 97: Lost Letters: Ash (Æ, æ) and Ethel (Œ, œ)

    This episode explores the history and disappearance of the lost English vowel letters ASH (Æ, æ) and ETHEL (Œ, œ), part of a series on linguistic evolution.

    ·30m
  24. 24

    Episode 96: Lost Letters: Wynn (Ƿ), Insular G (ᵹ), Yogh (Ȝ)

    This episode explores the history and evolution of three obsolete English letters—Wynn (Ƿ), Insular G (ᵹ), and Yogh (Ȝ)—and how they reflect changes in language over time.

    ·30m
  25. 25

    Episode 91: Artichoke

    This episode explores the etymology of the word 'artichoke' through the historical writings of Theophrastus and its linguistic evolution from ancient Greek to modern English.

    ·15m
  26. 26

    Episode 90: Apple

    This episode explores the cultural and linguistic significance of apples, examining their etymology, idioms, and historical references in mythology and religion.

    ·21m
  27. 27

    Episode 89: Cheese

    This episode explores the etymology of food-related words, focusing on how their origins reveal literal aspects of food preparation, with examples like 'biscuit' and 'filet'.

    ·16m
  28. 28

    Episode 95: Lost Letters: Eth and Thorn (Ð,ð and Þ, þ)

    This episode explores the lost letters Eth (Ð,ð) and Thorn (Þ,þ) as part of a series on the evolution of the English alphabet, tracing their origins from Runic scripts to their replacement by Latin characters.

    ·27m
  29. 29

    Episode 93: Pasta

    This episode explores the historical evolution of meal words like dinner, breakfast, and lunch, examining how their meanings and associated times of day have shifted over centuries.

    ·29m
  30. 30

    The History of the Alphabet: Interview with Danny Bate

    This episode features an interview with linguist Danny Bate discussing the history of the alphabet and how language evolves over time.

    ·45m
  31. 31

    Episode 103: Run Amok

    This episode explores Malay loan words that have entered the English language, inspired by a factoid from Gaston Doran's book Babel.

    ·20m
  32. 32

    Episode 92: Meals (Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner)

    This episode explores the etymologies of the words for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, tracing their origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots.

    ·20m
  33. 33

    Episode 102: Hyperbola/Hyperbole & Ellipse/Ellipsis

    This episode explores the etymological connections between mathematical terms like parabola and hyperbola and their literary counterparts parable and hyperbole, continuing a series on how math words evolve.

    ·18m
  34. 34

    Episode 100: Google

    This episode explores the mathematical origin of the word 'Google', tracing it back to the term 'googol' meaning 10 raised to the 100th power, as part of a series on math terms.

    ·18m
  35. 35

    Episode 88: Egg

    This episode explores the ancient Proto-Indo-European origins of the word 'egg' and its connections to words like avian and aviation.

    ·18m
  36. 36

    African American English: Interview w/ Tracey Weldon

    This episode features an interview with linguist Tracey Weldon about African American English and her role in the Oxford Dictionary of African American English.

    ·39m
  37. 37

    Proto Indo-Europeans with Kevin Stroud of The History of English Podcast

    This episode features a talk from the Virtual Intelligent Speech Conference where host Ray Belli and Kevin Stroud explore why the story of the Proto-Indo-Europeans remains obscure and confined to academia.

    ·41m
  38. 38

    Episode 108: Understand

    This episode explores the surprising etymology of 'understand' as a compound word made up of 'under' and 'stand', examining why this combination doesn't seem logical compared to more transparent compounds like 'mailbox'.

    ·19m
  39. 39

    Episode 98: Lost Letters: Long s (ſ) and Ampersand (&)

    This episode explores the historical use and disappearance of the long s (ſ) and ampersand (&) from the English alphabet, examining their roles in early printed works and linguistic evolution.

    ·24m
  40. 40

    Episode 87: Dead Ringer

    This episode explores the historical origins and evolution of the English idiom 'dead ringer' through a story about burial practices in England.

    ·14m
  41. 41

    Nine Nasty Words (Interview with John McWhorter) [EXPLICIT]

    This episode features an interview with linguist John McWhorter about his book 'Nine Nasty Words,' exploring the history and evolution of swear words in English.

    ·27m
  42. 42

    Interview with Simon Horobin, Author of "Bagels, Bumf, and Buses"

    This episode features an interview with Oxford professor Simon Horobin about his book exploring the daily evolution of English words and language history.

    ·43m
  43. 43

    Episode 84: Break a Leg

    This episode explores the origins and evolution of the English idiom 'break a leg' used to wish performers good luck.

    ·23m
  44. 44

    The Marvels of Translation: Interview with Keith Khan-Harris

    This episode features an interview with sociologist and writer Keith Khan-Harris about his book 'The Babel Message,' which explores translation, linguistic representation, and official language through the unusual lens of warning messages inside Kinder Surprise Eggs.

    ·38m
  45. 45

    Episode 85: The Proof Is in the Pudding

    This episode explores the origins and meanings of the idiom 'the proof is in the pudding' as part of a series on how English idioms evolve over time.

    ·17m
  46. 46

    The Power (and Omnipresence) of Rhetoric: Interview with Guy Doza

    This episode explores the definition and misconceptions of rhetoric through an interview with professional speechwriter Guy Doza, examining its role as the study of persuasion in language.

    ·57m
  47. 47

    Interview with Ralph Keyes, Author of "The Hidden History of Coined Words"

    ·31m
  48. 48

    Episode 80: Cannibal

    This episode, part of a series on English nouns from ethnic groups, explores the etymology of 'cannibal' and discusses how words evolve with historical and cultural implications, including mentions of bonus content on 'vandal' and 'vandalism'.

    Dec 31, 2019·31m·3 clips
  49. 49

    Episode 79: Philistine

    In this episode of Words for Granted, host Ray Belli continues a series on English nouns derived from ethnic groups, exploring how terms like 'goth' and 'bohemian' originated as pejorative insults rooted in cultural biases and have evolved over time, with a focus on the upcoming etymology of 'philistine'.

    Dec 14, 2019·25m·2 clips
  50. 50

    Episode 78: Bohemian

    This episode explores the etymology of the word 'Bohemian' as part of a series on English nouns derived from ethnic groups, using examples like 'Gothic' to illustrate how historical misconceptions shape language evolution.

    Nov 17, 2019·25m·2 clips
  51. 51

    Episode 77: Gothic

    Hidden gem

    Ray Belli traces “goth” and “gothic” from the ancient Goths through Renaissance insults, medieval architecture, Gothic fiction, and 20th-century music.

    Oct 20, 2019·23m·1 clip
  52. 52

    Interview with Steve Kaufmann, Polyglot & Co-founder of LingQ

    Hidden gem

    Ray Belli interviews Steve Kaufmann, who says he learned Mandarin in Hong Kong, Japanese in Japan, and nearly a dozen languages after age 60 through LingQ.

    Sep 17, 2019·36m·2 clips
  53. 53

    Episode 76: Wife

    Sep 1, 2019·21m
  54. 54

    Episode 75: Grandmother/Grandfather

    Words for Granted examines why grandmother and grandfather replaced Old English ielde-modor and ielde-fader around the early 15th century.

    Aug 11, 2019·20m·1 clip
  55. 55

    Episode 74: Sibling

    Jul 29, 2019·17m
  56. 56

    Episode 73: Papa/Dada/Father

    Hidden gem

    English dad and papa come from two different histories: one from Old English ata, one from French papa.

    Jul 12, 2019·20m·1 clip
  57. 57

    Episode 72: Mama/Mom

    Hidden gem

    Roman Jakobson linked "Why Mama and Papa" (1962) to breastfeeding, "the mm sound," and early language.

    Jun 30, 2019·18m·1 clip
  58. 58

    Episode 71: Noah Webster's Dictionary

    Jun 15, 2019·31m
  59. 59

    Episode 70: Noah Webster (Early Works and Spelling Reforms)

    May 26, 2019·24m
  60. 60

    Episode 69: OK

    May 5, 2019·23m
  61. 61

    Episode 68: Yankee

    Apr 13, 2019·22m
  62. 62

    Episode 67: The American Pronunciation of R (Rhoticity)

    Mar 31, 2019·24m
  63. 63

    Episode 66: The Emergence of the American Lexicon

    Mar 12, 2019·24m
  64. 64

    Interview with Lynne Murphy, Author of "The Prodigal Tongue"

    Mar 4, 2019·42m
  65. 65

    Episode 65: Dialect vs. Language

    Feb 20, 2019·18m
  66. 66

    Episode 64: France

    Feb 1, 2019·22m
  67. 67

    Episode 63: Turkey

    Jan 14, 2019·20m
  68. 68

    Episode 62: Cincinnati

    Jan 5, 2019·16m
  69. 69

    Episode 61: International Names of Germany

    Dec 17, 2018·31m
  70. 70

    Episode 60: Wales

    Dec 2, 2018·21m
  71. 71

    Episode 59: Proper Place Names (General Overview)

    Nov 16, 2018·20m
  72. 72

    Episode 58: Gymnasium

    Oct 30, 2018·17m
  73. 73

    Episode 57: Category

    Oct 15, 2018·19m
  74. 74

    Episode 56: Apology

    Oct 1, 2018·18m
  75. 75

    Episode 55: Sophisticated

    Sep 12, 2018·21m
  76. 76

    Episode 54: Philosophy

    Sep 2, 2018·15m
  77. 77

    Episode 53: They

    Aug 20, 2018·21m
  78. 78

    Episode 52: Linguistic Subjectification (Very, Really, Literally, etc.)

    Aug 1, 2018·18m
  79. 79

    Episode 51: The

    Jul 17, 2018·22m
  80. 80

    Interview with Steve Guerra (The History of the Papacy Podcast)

    Jul 6, 2018·1h 2m
  81. 81

    Episode 50: -ly (Adverbial Suffix)

    Jun 30, 2018·23m
  82. 82

    Episode 49: To Be

    Jun 14, 2018·22m
  83. 83

    Episode 48: History of English Grammar (General Overview)

    Jun 4, 2018·27m
  84. 84

    Episode 47: Secular

    May 5, 2018·18m
  85. 85

    Episode 46: God (and His Biblical Names)

    Apr 24, 2018·30m
  86. 86

    Episode 45: Hell

    Apr 1, 2018·24m
  87. 87

    Episode 44: Letter J

    Mar 6, 2018·27m
  88. 88

    Episode 43: Demon

    Feb 20, 2018·32m
  89. 89

    Episode 42: Church

    Jan 26, 2018·28m
  90. 90

    Episode 41: Thou

    Jan 14, 2018·31m
  91. 91

    Episode 40: Biblical Etymology (General Overview)

    Dec 31, 2017·27m
  92. 92

    Episode 39: Eleven/Twelve

    Dec 15, 2017·19m
  93. 93

    Episode 38: Algebra/Algorithm

    Dec 1, 2017·19m
  94. 94

    Episode 37: Chemistry

    Oct 27, 2017·25m
  95. 95

    Episode 36: Serendipity

    Oct 11, 2017·19m
  96. 96

    Episode 35: Arabic Loanwords in English

    Sep 24, 2017·25m
  97. 97

    Episode 34: Saturday/Sunday

    Sep 11, 2017·21m
  98. 98

    Episode 33: Thursday/Friday

    Aug 19, 2017·19m
  99. 99

    Episode 32: Wednesday

    Aug 2, 2017·29m
  100. 100

    Episode 31: Monday/Tuesday

    Jul 14, 2017·18m
  101. 101

    Episode 30: Days of the Week (General Overview)

    Jul 5, 2017·23m
  102. 102

    Episode 29: How Does a Single Root Word Produce So Many Derivatives?

    Jun 13, 2017·21m
  103. 103

    Episode 28: Scene

    May 29, 2017·23m
  104. 104

    Episode 27: Comedy

    May 15, 2017·27m
  105. 105

    Episode 26: Tragedy

    Apr 21, 2017·17m
  106. 106

    Episode 25: Tyrant

    Apr 7, 2017·26m
  107. 107

    Episode 24: Ethnic Suffixes (-an, -ian, -ean, -ish, -ese, -i)

    Mar 25, 2017·30m
  108. 108

    Episode 23: Filibuster

    Mar 10, 2017·21m
  109. 109

    Episode 22: Candidate

    Feb 23, 2017·16m
  110. 110

    Episode 21: Inauguration

    Feb 12, 2017·21m
  111. 111

    Episode 20: Letter C

    Jan 27, 2017·35m
  112. 112

    Episode 19: Tea

    Jan 15, 2017·17m
  113. 113

    Episode 18: Culture

    Jan 4, 2017·30m
  114. 114

    Episode 17: Two

    Dec 21, 2016·19m
  115. 115

    Episode 16: Cologne

    Dec 10, 2016·14m
  116. 116

    Episode 15: Sinister

    Nov 26, 2016·23m
  117. 117

    Episode 14: Calqued Words

    Oct 11, 2016·12m
  118. 118

    Episode 13: Beg the Question

    Oct 9, 2016·19m
  119. 119

    Episode 11: Amateur

    Oct 8, 2016·19m
  120. 120

    Episode 12: Ostracize

    Oct 8, 2016·18m
  121. 121

    Episode 10: Handicap

    Sep 13, 2016·0m
  122. 122

    Episode 9 (Bonus Episode): Mouse (and Why Its Plural Form Is "Mice")

    Sep 7, 2016·16m
  123. 123

    Episode 8: Cellular

    Aug 26, 2016·13m
  124. 124

    Episode 7: Digital

    Aug 14, 2016·11m
  125. 125

    Episode 6: Comfort

    Aug 5, 2016·19m
  126. 126

    Episode 5: Meat

    Jul 23, 2016·21m
  127. 127

    Episode 4 (Bonus Episode): Polysemous Words

    Jul 8, 2016·17m
  128. 128

    Episode 3: Weird

    Jun 26, 2016·18m
  129. 129

    Episode 1: Villain

    Jun 10, 2016·18m
  130. 130

    Episode 2: Nice

    Jun 10, 2016·18m