PLT #420 Tadeusz Kościuszko (Część 5): Zdrada biskupów, kosy chłopów i żydowski pułkownik

·53 min·5 clips

In 1794 Kraków, Tadeusz Kościuszko raises his saber and swears an oath that makes three empires hold their breath.

["The episode opens with a dramatic scene of Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko swearing an oath in Krak\u00f3w in 1794, setting the stage for the uprising.", "It recounts Ko\u015bciuszko's return to Poland in 1784 after seven years in America, where he was a hero but unpaid.", "Despite opportunities in America, he chose to return to a Poland partitioned by Russia, Prussia, and Austria.", "Ko\u015bciuszko spent five years in poverty on his family estate, where he reduced peasant labor and banned violence against them.", "The episode describes the Great Sejm and the passage of the May 3, 1791 Constitution, Europe's first, which aimed at reforms.", "Betrayals followed, including the Targowica Confederation, where Polish magnates invited Russian intervention to overturn the constitution.", "Key figures like Bishop J\u00f3zef Kossakowski and King Stanis\u0142aw August Poniatowski are highlighted for their roles in these betrayals.", "Ko\u015bciuszko's military skills are shown in the Battle of Dubienka in 1792, where he used fortifications against superior forces.", "After the king's capitulation, Ko\u015bciuszko went into exile and helped plan the uprising from Leipzig and Paris.", "The uprising began in March 1794, triggered by General Antoni Madali\u0144ski's refusal to disband his unit.", "Ko\u015bciuszko was declared chief in Krak\u00f3w and led a force including peasants armed with scythes.", "The Battle of Rac\u0142awice on April 4, 1794, is detailed, where peasants charged and captured Russian cannons, turning the tide.", "Peasant hero Wojciech Bartosz G\u0142owacki is highlighted for his bravery in extinguishing a cannon with his hat.", "The episode expands to include Berek Joselewicz, a Jewish merchant who formed a regiment of Jewish volunteers in Warsaw.", "Joselewicz's regiment, known as the 'beards,' fought in the defense of Prague during the uprising.", "The assault on Prague by Russian General Suvorov resulted in a massacre, with most of the Jewish regiment killed.", "Joselewicz survived and later fought in the Polish Legions, earning military honors.", "The episode concludes by emphasizing Ko\u015bciuszko's belief that freedom must be for all, as shown by the inclusion of peasants and Jews.", "It sets up the next episode, which will cover further developments in the uprising and Ko\u015bciuszko's capture.", "Throughout, the host bases the narrative on historical sources and encourages listener support via Patronite and Suppi."]

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