211 | Existencialismo: filósofo Jean-Paul Sartre nascia há 120 anos
·9 min
The episode begins by introducing Jean-Paul Sartre as a prominent existentialist philosopher born in Paris in 1905. It notes his father's early death and his upbringing in Medon with his mother and grandfather. Sartre received a refined education, exposed to authors like Victor Hugo and Goethe. The host, Diego Brião, frames the episode as a retrospective on Sartre's trajectory and legacy. An interview with Professor Wellington Lima Amorim from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul provides academic insights. Sartre is described as a systematic philosopher linked to Marxist thinking, though critical of some aspects. He is highlighted as one of the last intellectuals to approach philosophy systematically. His partnership with Simone de Beauvoir, a key feminist thinker, is mentioned. The episode explains existentialism's basis in individual singularity and existence, contrasting it with Christian thought where essence precedes existence. Sartre, an atheist, reversed this: existence comes first, then essence. This leads to the concept of freedom as condemnation, where humans determine everything without prior fixed nature. Sartre's philosophical influences include Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, and Søren Kierkegaard. The episode notes Sartre's role in rehabilitating Heidegger internationally after WWII, despite Heidegger's Nazi involvement. Sartre's visit to Brazil in 1960 is detailed, invited by writer Jorge Amado, with stops in cities like Recife, Salvador, and Rio de Janeiro. He returned in 1964, the year he won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his influential work. Sartre died in 1980 due to health issues like diabetes and hypertension. The episode concludes with credits to sources including the National Library of France and the Nobel Prize.
